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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Compounds of berkelium ： ウィキペディア英語版 Compounds of berkelium Berkelium forms a number of chemical compounds, where it normally exists in an oxidation state of +3 or +4, and behaves similarly to its lanthanide analogue, terbium. Like all actinides, berkelium easily dissolves in various aqueous inorganic acids, liberating gaseous hydrogen and converting into the trivalent oxidation state. This trivalent state is the most stable, especially in aqueous solutions, but tetravalent berkelium compounds are also known. The existence of divalent berkelium salts is uncertain and has only been reported in mixed lanthanum chloride-strontium chloride melts.〔 Aqueous solutions of Bk3+ ions are green in most acids. The color of the Bk4+ ions is yellow in hydrochloric acid and orange-yellow in sulfuric acid.〔Peterson, p. 55〕〔Holleman, p. 1956〕〔Greenwood, p. 1265〕 Berkelium does not react rapidly with oxygen at room temperature, possibly due to the formation of a protective oxide surface layer; however, it reacts with molten metals, hydrogen, halogens, chalcogens and pnictogens to form various binary compounds.〔Peterson, p. 45〕 Berkelium can also form several organometallic compounds. ==Oxides== Two oxides of berkelium are known, with berkelium in the +3 (Bk2O3) and +4 (BkO2) oxidation states. Berkelium(IV) oxide is a brown solid that crystallizes in a cubic (fluorite) crystal structure with the space group ''Fmm'' and the coordination numbers of Bk() and O(). The lattice parameter is 533.4 ± 0.5 pm. Berkelium(III) oxide, a yellow-green solid, is formed from BkO2 by reduction with hydrogen: :$\backslash mathrm$ The compound has a melting point of 1920 °C,〔Holleman, p. 1972〕 body-centered cubic crystal lattice and a lattice constant ''a'' = 1088.0 ± 0.5 pm.〔 Upon heating to 1200 °C, the cubic Bk2O3 transforms to a monoclinic structure, which further converts to a hexagonal phase at 1750 °C; the latter transition is reversible. Such three-phase behavior is typical for the actinide sesquioxides.〔Peterson, p. 51〕 A divalent oxide BkO has been reported as a brittle gray solid with a face centered cubic (''fcc'') structure and a lattice constant ''a'' = 496.4 pm, but its exact chemical composition is uncertain.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Compounds of berkelium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.